PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.